Ibn al-Baytar Biographies

Ibn al-Baytar

 

Ibn al-Baytar al-Malaqi Diya al-Din Abu Muhammad 'Abdllah bin Ahmad or commonly called Ibn al-Baytar (1197-1248) was a pharmacist, botanist, physician and scientist. His main contribution to science is that it systematically record the 300 and 400 types of new drugs. In addition to the major contribution that, there are many contributions of Ibn al-Baytar other, despite the secondary nature, in the field of medicine and botany.


A. CVs and schooling

Ibn al-Baytar was born in the city of Malaga Andalausia (now Spain) at the end of the 12th century, ie 1197. He studied botany to a botanist Malaga, Abu al-Abbas al-Vegetable. Later they worked together to collect plants around Spain. Please note that Al-Bio is an exceptional botanical scientist. He is known as the scientific method expands the beginning, the first to introduce new techniques and experimental testing empirically, identifiers and descriptions of various medicinal materials, and the manufacturer reports and observations to verify various medicinal plants that were previously discovered by others. Thus al-Vegetable approach is later adopted by Ibn al-Beitar.

After studying at al-Plant, Ibn al-Baytar learn to Ibn Al-Rumeyya, so he mastered three languages, Spanish, Greek, and Syria. Armed with the ability to speak here, he traveled to several countries to develop the science that interested, botany. From here, al-Beitar was then many ventured to collect a wide range of plant species.

But as other scientists, not only two figures that affect sl-Baytar. In addition to al-Bio, a figure that affect scientific creativity Ibn al-Baytar is Maimonides and al-Ghafiqi. Research and thought both were inspired to create major breakthroughs in science in the future. In addition, there are also many future generations of scientists after that draw influence from him, both eastern and western scientists, such as Ibn Abi Usaybi'a, Amir Daulat and Andrea Alpago.

In 1219, Ibn al-Beitar leave Málaga and wandered into the Muslim lands in the Middle East to collect plants. He traveled from the northern coast of Africa to Anatolia. On his way, he was reportedly visited Constantinople, Bugia, Tunisia, Tripoli, and Adalia Barqa.

From 1224, al-Baytar was appointed chief herbalist Ayyubid caliphate, al-Kamil. In 1227 al-Kamil develop territory to Damascus (now Syria), and Ibn al-Beitar accompany him there. al-Kamil gave him the opportunity to collect medicinal plants in Syria. Not satisfied only in Syria, Ibn al-Baytar goes to Arabia and the Palestinians to develop the collection and research of plant medicine. Finally, he breathed his last in 1248 in Damascus and left important treaties in the area of ​​botany and medicine. The world remember him as the man most instrumental in the fields of botany, and berpengaruhpenting in the development of botany.


B. Thought and research results

Most of the books of Ibn al-Beitar derived from his research for several years on a variety of plant species. Not only contains the results of research, the book is also equipped lengthy explanations and comments. At a later date, work-work of Ibn al-Beitar into botany reference books are very important. Ibn al-Beitar contributions are greatly influenced the development of botany and medicine further, both in Europe and Asia.

Among his landmark work is the book Al-Jami 'li-Mufradat al-Adwiya wa al-aghdhiya (Compendium of Food and Drugs). Encyclopaedias lists 1400 pharmaceutical plants for food and medicine, along with how and menggunaannya dose. Its contents are neatly arranged alphabetically by name of the plant or plants that are useful to the human body. But there is also a discussion of non-substances of plants, but accounts for only a little. For each item, Ibn al-Beitar make one or two brief comments and give a short extract from some of the previous writers on the items of herbs and plants in his book.

One page in the book of botanical work of al-Baytar of flora in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt


This book contains references previous 150 Arab authors, as well as 20 previous Greek writers. One of the most common source is the book he quotes the work of Materia Medica Dioscorides and Kitab al-Shifa Ibn Sina. Both of these sources have similarities in layout and material in the book of Ibn al-Beitar, but Ibn al-Beitar richer and more detailed, and also there are many plants and herbs that are not covered at all in the work of Dioscorides or Ibn Sina it.

This book is very popular and is the most prominent books about plants and their relation to Arab medicine. This book became a reference experts herbs and medicines to the 16th century Encyclopedia existing plants in this book includes 1,400 items, most are herbs and vegetables including 200 plants that were previously unknown. The book was referred by 150 authors, mostly of Arab origin, and cited by more than 20 scientists Greece before it was translated into Latin and published in 1758. In modern print version, thick book is over 900 pages. In addition to Arabic, the book has also been translated into German and French in the 19th century.

As an illustration, in the book of Ibn al-Beitar provides detailed information about the manufacture of chemical Rose Water and Air Jeruk. He wrote: "Shurub (syrup) flavorful often extracted from flowers and leaves of the rare, with the use of oil and grease is hot, then cooled in cinnamon oil. The used oil is also extracted from sesame and olive. Essential oils are produced by combining a variety of steam condensed in a tube. The water can be used as a perfume scent, and if mixed with other substances will produce medicines most expensive. "

The main work of the Ibn Al-Beitar is al-Mughni fi al-adwiya al-mufradaa (translated in Europe under the title of The Ultimate in Materia Medica), which is an encyclopaedia of medicines. It contains the knowledge about the plants that are widely used for the treatment of various diseases, such as diseases of the head, ears, eyes, and so forth. The drug in the list of therapeutic drugs. Coupled with 20 chapters on a variety of plant properties that are beneficial to the human body. On surgical issues discussed in this book, Ibn al-Beitar widely cited as leading Muslim surgeon, Abul Qasim Zahrawi. In addition to Arabic, Ibn al-Beitar also often provides Latin and Greek names to the plants, as well as provide knowledge transfer.

In addition to the two we mentioned, Ibn al-Baytar also authored several important treatises such as Mizan al-Tabib (translated in Europe as The Physician's Balane), Al-Al-I'lam Ibana wa 'ala ma fi Al-Minhaj Al-khalal min wa Al-Awham, Risalah fi'l-aghdhiya wa'l-adwiya, Al-Af'al al-Ghariba wa al-Khawas al-'Ajiba and Maqāla fi'l-laymūn. His last book, Maqāla fi'l-laymūn (Papers on Lemon) by Andrea Alpago translated into Latin. Moreover, Ibn al-Baytar also wrote a commentary book Diyusqūrīdis, an intelligent commentary on the first four books of the work of Dioscorides. "Notes Al-Baytar is the most important records in the world of plants from all over the period of the triumph botanist, ranging from the time of Dioscorides until abadke-16," said Sarton. Note Al-Baytar, historians say this, such as a dictionary or an encyclopedia full of herbs.

Is al-Beitar managed to find herbs to treat cancer clicking named Hindiba. Hindiba herb found al-Beitar contains anticancer substances can also cure the tumor and neoplastic disorders-disorders. Head of the Department of History and Ethics, University of Istanbul, Turkey, Prof. Nil Sari in his Hindiba: A Drug for Cancer Treatment in Muslim Heritage, has proven efficacy and truth herbs Hindiba found al-Beitar it. He and a number of other doctors have tested scientifically and even has patented Hindiba found al-Beitar.

According to Prof. Nil Sari, Hindiba has been recognized by the medical doctors (pharmacologis) Muslims and herbalist in the Islamic world. Long before doctors in the Western world to find it, Muslims have been using herbs to cure cancer. After a test scientifically, Prof. Nil Sari concluded that Hindiba has the power to treat various diseases. Hindiba can clear away the obstacles contained in tiny channels in the body, especially in the digestive system. But the domain of the most spectacular is its power to cure the tumor said.

Prof. Nil Sari said that according to ancient medical texts, the efficacy of cancer treatment Hindiba treatment based on theoretical considerations, the effects of medical drugs operating in accordance with the nature of the constituents. According to him, the constituents resulting from the decomposition would have the effect of so-called energy. Potential quality of heat and cold in the nature of the medicine will come out as a result of the decomposition of the body.

According to Prof. Nil Sari, Hindiba proven to be very effective in treating cancer. Unfortunately, in ancient times Hindiba more recommended as a drug for the treatment of tumors. It was revealed in the book of Ibn al-Beitar. According to al-Beitar, if the herb Hindiba heated, and the foam was taken and filtered and then drink will be beneficial to cure the tumor.

Al-Beitar contributions are the result of observation, study and classification for many years. And his work in the future adversely affect the development of botany and medicine both in Europe and Asia. Although his other works the book Al-Jami newly translated and published in foreign languages, but many scientists have long studied the discussion-discussion in this book and use it for the benefit of mankind.

To respect the citizens of Benalmadena Costa made a statue of Ibn al-Baytar in a corner of the city. Under patugnya, written an inscription that al-Baytar was born in Benalmadena Costa. It is intended as a sign that once there was a great scientist world who was born in Benalmadena Costa, Malaga, Spain. In addition, al-Baytar statue is expected later to inspire the hearts of the youth Benalmadena Costa to imitate his way of life that he planned to donate entirely to science and the future will be more young people who are experts in Benalmadena Costa Oncology Scientific Classification.